The body has an armory of ways to prevent acid reflux disease but if any of these are prevented from occurring the body has very few mechanisms left to alleviate the suffering that is associated with the chronic disease. Most reflux occurs during the daytime, but during the day the top halves of our body are upright meaning that the reflux automatically flows back down to the stomach and any problems are prevented. While we are awake we regularly swallow and this action services to carry an reflux back down to where it belongs. We swallow whether there is reflux present or not. The mouth constantly creates saliva that contains chemicals that neutralize the effects of reflux and acid on our bodies. These three methods are the most effective defense we have against acid reflux disease but sometimes they don't work properly or simply aren't doing enough to prevent the onslaught of acid reflux.

Biopsies can be used to search for the existence of cancer. They can not be used to look for evidence of acid reflux disease but alternative causes of symptoms may be found.

Esophageal acid testing is probably the most accurate way to test for acid reflux disease but is the most obtrusive as well. A tube is placed through the nose and into the esophagus where it remains for 24 hours. This tube has a sensor on the end and measures the amount of reflux generated over 24 hours.

An endoscopy is another way of diagnosing acid reflux disease. A tube is swallowed so that doctors can see exactly what is going on inside your body. However, a esophagus of a patient suffering from the disease ordinarily looks quite normal so this method of diagnosis will only directly work for those patients whose esophagus has been damaged by their acid reflux disease. However, if an ulcer or other ailment that can cause similar problems is spotted then it may be possible to discount acid reflux disease.

Heartburn is by far the most common symptom of acid reflux disease and if a doctor suspects your heartburn is cause by acid reflux disease he or she will prescribe you with a medicine that stops the production of acid in your stomach. If it stops then it is assumed that you do indeed have acid reflux disease. This approach of diagnosis can be unreliable.